Voltaire Essays - Voltaire, Age Of Enlightenment, Philosophes

Voltaire Francois Marie Arouet (nom de plume Voltaire) was conceived on November 21, 1694 in Paris. Voltaire's style, mind, knowledge and sharp feeling of equity made him perhaps the best essayist and rationalists. Youthful Francois Marie got amazing training at a Jesuit school. He left school at 16 and before long framed kinships with a gathering of complex Parisian blue-bloods. Paris society looked for his organization for his shrewdness, humor and amazing capacity to compose stanza. In 1717 he was captured for composing a progression of humorous refrains criticizing the French government, and was detained in the Bastille. During his eleven months in jail he composed his first significant play, Oedipe, which made incredible progress in 1718. He embraced his nom de plume Voltaire the same year. In 1726 Voltaire offended a ground-breaking youthful aristocrat and was given two choices: detainment or outcast. He picked banish and from 1726 to 1729 lived in Britain. While in England Voltaire was pulled in to the way of thinking of John Locke what's more, thoughts of the extraordinary researcher Sir Isaac Newton. After his arrival to Paris he composed a book lauding English traditions and organizations. The book was thought to scrutinize the French government and Voltaire had to escape Paris once more. In 1759 Voltaire bought a domain called Ferney close the French-Swiss outskirt where he lived until not long before of his passing. Ferney soon turned into the scholarly legislative hall of Europe. During his time in a state of banishment Voltaire created a steady progression of books, plays, handouts, and letters. He was a voice of reason, and a candid pundit of strict narrow mindedness and oppression. Voltaire came back to a legend's greeting in Paris at age 83. The energy of the excursion was a lot for him and he kicked the bucket in Paris. In view of his analysis of the congregation Voltaire was denied entombment in chapel ground. He was at long last covered at a monastery in Champagne. In 1791 his remaining parts were moved to a resting place at the Pantheon in Paris. Voltaire was celebrated during the illumination for his ironical compositions about significant issues. He was adored by supporters of the edification, yet he was abhorred by some who didnt see the virtuoso in his parodies. He had an extraordinary perspective on things that couple of could see around then.

Horse Essay Topics - Tips for Writing An Essay About Horses

Horse Essay Topics - Tips for Writing An Essay About HorsesHorse essay topics are among the hardest types of essay topics to write. Many people who write them tend to write on the topic, 'What is my horse's name?' This is one of the first questions they ask when learning how to write an essay.It is actually fun and also quite easy to write your essay about your favorite horse because your choice of the topic is wide open. Topics about horses are always fun, easy to write and easy to understand.Horse essay topics can include things like how much do you love your horse? How do you train your horse? What has been your horse's most challenging trait?Horse essay topics should always start with a question, usually a personal question. Often times people will ask their horse how much they love them, or what is it that makes their horse special. These questions can be designed to get the horse's attention, and force them to answer.When doing this you want to make sure that you don't sound to o pushy or forceful. This can cause your horse to back down or quit answering your questions.Your horse's topic may also be about behaviors and habits. Animals, humans and other animals share many of the same behaviors, so it would be nice to address this type of topic. Good examples of behavior patterns include: running up and down fences, stalking you, jumping on people, not drinking from a bowl correctly, not drinking water regularly or without being asked, littering and breeding too frequently, chewing your shoes, and so on.Before writing your horse essay topics it is a good idea to brainstorm your own ideas on how to approach this type of topic. The more creative you are the easier it will be for you to be able to come up with truly original answers.You are more likely to write a horse essay topic that relates to your knowledge of horses in general. There are some good questions you can ask yourself that will get you thinking about various things that might be interesting to di scuss in the topic of your horse essay.

Essay Topics For Guns and Germs and Steel

Essay Topics For Guns and Germs and SteelWhen it comes to essay topics for guns, germs and steel, there are literally hundreds of choices out there. How can you determine which topic is right for you? One thing to keep in mind is that the topics you choose should be appropriate to your grade level. For example, if you are writing an essay on gun safety, there are topics like the operation of guns that are more appropriate than, say, the harmful effects of guns.First things first: The essay topics for guns and germs and steel need to be something that you feel passionate about. This will help you write a compelling essay. This does not mean that you have to rewrite any of your essays. However, you will need to provide sources, citations, and definitions to back up your ideas.Essays for guns and germs and steel are quite common. However, you will also find essays that are very specific, pertaining to historical or political topics. While this is not unusual, it is important to remember that the essay topics for guns and germs and steel must be broad enough so that you have the opportunity to explore a variety of topics.While most people do not realize it, there are actually many different types of subjects that fall under the topic of gun safety. If you are writing an essay on gun safety, then your topics need to include safety, safety equipment, and regulations as well as government and medical research on guns. The essay topics for guns and germs and steel can be quite broad in scope, if you choose to go this route.It is not uncommon for certain government agencies to focus on research on guns, both medical and scientific. There is also a tremendous amount of literature on guns that is available to the public in addition to online sources. These are just a few of the ways that you can use the resources that are available to you.As long as you stay with the topic of gun safety, the essay topics for guns and germs and steel are likely to be helpful to you. This m eans that you will need to include facts, information, and citations in your essays. You will also need to be careful that your sources and references are all authentic and current. If they are not, they will not support your ideas and they will not help you reach your goals in terms of your essay.When it comes to essay topics for guns and germs and steel, there are hundreds of sources that you can use. For example, you can go to the library and check out any number of books that deal with gun safety, public health, and other aspects of the issue. If you feel that there is a lack of information in the public domain, then you can turn to online sources and get access to the information that you need.Once you have decided on the topic of essay topics for guns and germs and steel, it is time to prepare for your writing. You will need to look at the essay format and select one that you are comfortable with. Choose one that is going to be easy to read and understand. You will also want t o make sure that the essay includes sources, citations, and citations to back up your statements and ideas.

Analysis Of The Poem Gloria Anzaldua Essay - 1362 Words

Gloria Anzaldà ºa does a remarkable job guiding her readers to acknowledge the reality of the colonized and her assuredness to that reality in the poem, To live in the Borderlands means you. In this analysis, I will provide clear evidence that the author is actively engaging her readers to experience the otherness of the colonized. I will do this by pinpointing the use of the Spanish language embedded within the lines of each stanza, the display of double consciousness with subtle uses of imagery, and the overall sense of empowerment. As an English speaker, I notice Anzaldà ºa strategically using several lines of the Spanish language that forces me and her readers not privy to the language to cross reference between the English and Spanish dictionary. Doing this automatically puts in perspective the difficulties that the multiracial humans face as they are marginalized in a colonized society. I believe she is using Spanish phrases and words to demonstrate oppression and suppressio n as a means of expressing a clash between race and culture. I will also be showing the double consciousness that the other develops by not being welcomed amongst the colonized and colonizer. To live in the Borderlands creates a double consciousness. This is the existences between a person between multiple cultures that generates an unhomeliness effect Anzaldà ºa creates from that imagery that the other has no place in society as they are cast out from one side who denies them and the colonizers whoShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Gloria Anzaldua s Poem, The And English, A Multicultural Woman And The Struggles1555 Words   |  7 Pageslive with such a variation of experiences. Authors and artists experiencing the culture associated with being a part of many communities show the culture as they see it through their work. One such author is Gloria Anzaldua. In her poem, To Live in the Borderlands Means You, Gloria Anzaldua reveals her identity as a multicultural woman and the struggles that she faces in doing so. She relates this through the use of Spanish and English, first person perspective, and gender. Acculturation was firstRead MoreA Wild Tongue By Gloria Anzaldua1779 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue† Critical Analysis When Anzaldua says â€Å"So, if you want to really hurt me, talk badly about my language† she wants you to feel every aspect of what she is saying. In â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue† she persuades her readers to believe this and that she has went through hell to fight for what she believes in. â€Å"How to Tame a Wild Tongue† is published in Borderlands/La Frontera, by Gloria Anzaldua and â€Å"the book talks about how she is concerned with many kinds of borders--betweenRead MoreImmigration Identity: Acculturation and Complex Mental Status1708 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"The Homeland, Aztlan† Gloria Anzaldua delves into the intense mental confusion that immigrants often face when adapting to a new society. In order to recreate this sense of a mixed identity for the reader, Anzaldua created an environment in which the reader felt confused and frustrated by shifting between the use of English and Spanish. The people in the story are described as being in a transitory state with a constant level of mental disarray regarding their identity. A poem included in the articleRead MoreEssay about Chicano Nationalism1631 Words   |  7 Pagesin many ways. With analysis’ of Lorna Dee Cervantes’ â€Å"Poem For The Young White Man Who Asked Me How I, An In telligent, Well-Read Person Could Believe In The War Between The Races† and Corky Gonzales’ â€Å"I Am Joaquin† the reader will be exposed to two examples from each poem of the key elements of Chicano nationalism. These key elements will provide the reader with a greater understanding of how writers in this period exemplified Chicano nationalism. Cervantes begins her poem with the lines, â€Å"In

As I Get Ready To Leave The Locker Room, I Strap On My

As I get ready to leave the locker room, I strap on my black under armour cleats, tighten my blue gloves, put on my silver helmet with the lightning bolt logo, touch that sign that says â€Å"Play Like A Champion Today,† and walk into the tunnel with a band of brothers. We look to our left, then to our right, and nod our heads to acknowledge that we are ready. Finally, the announcer calls your team’s name and you run out of the tunnel ready to face all your fears, show your strengths, and defeat that fear to lose embedded in the back of your mind. The opportunity arose, and whether we seized it or not, we walk back through the tunnel one last time, wondering if we crossed that white line for the last time. For me, this was the last time. This†¦show more content†¦Through the stress, strain, and painstaking decisions, a doctor is able to stay poised, confident, and meticulous. A doctor has immeasurable qualities. They persevere, and they demonstrate integrity, g rit, and compassion among other things. Not everyone is equipped to be a doctor, and not everyone wants to be one, but those of us who do, such as myself, put in a lot of time and effort into achieving this goal. When someone asks me why I want to become a doctor, the answer is easy. I want to emerge as a doctor because I want to help people, but my reasoning extends far beyond that concept. Moreover, I enjoy challenging things, and what could be more challenging than dedicating your life’s work to ensuring that people become well, and go on to live long and happy lives? I enjoy thinking on my toes, and I love learning. The opportunity to become a lifelong learner in order to be the best possible provider that my patient can have, makes me want to achieve a medical degree. When I take the time to reflect upon myself, I know that medicine has always been the right choice for me. Growing up in America, as an African-American, has afforded me opportunities to achieve a great edu cation that I can use to benefit people at home and abroad. Being a resident of Montana has put me at a disadvantage, since the state does not have a medical school, but that does not mean I have let my goal waver. My medicalShow MoreRelated`` Screw You, Mr. Holmes, By Daniel Holmes4006 Words   |  17 Pagesteacher who continued to look at her with suddenly sad eyes. As he stared at her, he started to wonder why he even bothered. He glanced over to the pair of students at the far end of the room who were talking about something unrelated to math. Another three students were sleeping at various points throughout the room. One student was crushing a sheet of paper into a ball. Its destination was yet to be determined. Daniel figured it was going to hit either the back of his head or the fat student who likedRead MoreEssay on Fall of Asclepius95354 Words   |  382 PagesFall of Asclepius By Harm 1 and Icrick Prologue Where should I begin? The apocalypse happened so fast. In less than a month, monsters infested every part of this world. People panicked, people died. They clawed at each other just to get out of all the infested areas around the world. There was problem about fleeing from infested areas. Everywhere was infested. There was no where anyone could go without encountering the walking plague. You know that phrase War is Hell? Well... its deadRead MoreShes Dating the Gangster149221 Words   |  597 Pages   He s not my first love and I m NOT his first love. Definitely not.   So what is it that made me love and cling to him this much?   Well, he s irritating, loud, and he s not sweet! He s weird, he smokes, he drinks, he goes clubbing on a weekday, and he fights and bullies a lot. Take note, A LOT. He is very moody and a bit blunt. Oh yeah, he even threatened to kill me. -- for short, HE IS A GANGSTER. NO he s not a criminal, a mobster, a hoodlum or a thug. I have my own definitionRead More1000 Word Essay85965 Words   |  344 Pages...................... NCO Duties, Responsibilities and Authority .................. NCO History ........................................ NCOER / ERS ....................................... Promotions and Reductions .............................. Leaves and Passes .................................... Military Justice ...................................... Code of Conduct ..................................... Geneva Convention ................................... U.S. Constitution ................

Impressionist Works Of Claude Monet - 1394 Words

(1) Impressionist chooses themes from everyday life and painting outdoors. The goal was to get a representation of a spontaneous and direct world, and for that they focused on the effects of natural light on objects. They mainly focus on light, moment and the space. The abstract- impressionist used reason and intellect, divided into figurative and non-figurative, the non-figurative had no known forms they are pure images coming from the author s mind. It is mechanical and can be cold. Figurative abstraction uses real forms but distorted and simplified even to lose its basic characteristics -it is free- might please the eye, because the author seeks to convey our emotions without seeking cosmetic beauty - are simplified geometrics forms , without any apparent order nor purpose. This being said one can conclude that Claude Monet s (an impressionist) painting â€Å"Coquelicots† has been called landscaping painting because it reflects a scene from nature. His painting doesnâ€℠¢t show great detail on people’s faces nor does shows details on â€Å"things†, rather his painting focuses on the moment that the artist tries to express in his work. Through Claude Monet’s painting one can easily guess the time in history where the painting took place. On the other hand, Mondrian’s painting Broadway Boogie-Woogie even though belongs to a different period in the art moment, it’s painting shows clear similitudes to Claude Monet s â€Å"Coquelicots†. Broadway Boogie-Woogie also comes from the artistShow MoreRelatedClaude Monet And Pierre Auguste Renoir1302 Words   |  6 Pagesin life, Claude Monet and Pierre-Auguste Renoir were both aspiring artists with similar passion and style. Early in their careers, both artists painted alongside each other on the Seine River. These paintings, while not their most famous pieces, can be compared and contrasted against one another due to the similarity of the scene. Contrasting Monet s p aintings to Renoir s paintings renders the ability to discern particular characteristics unique to each Monet and Renoir. Claude Monet -- BriefRead MoreClaude Monet and Impressionism1107 Words   |  4 PagesWhen you talk about impressionism, you will always connect it with Oscar Claude Monet but there were many impressionist artists beside Claude Monet. But in this composition we will talk more about Claude Monet because he was the founder of Impressionism in the world. Oscar Claude Monet was the founder of impressionism. He is a famous french painter whose work gave a name to the art movement impressionism. Claude Monet’s famous quote is â€Å"merely think here is a little square of blue, here an oblongRead MoreClaude Monet And The Art Movement1072 Words   |  5 PagesClaude Monet was a famous French painter whose work was the name of the art movement, Impressionism. Impressionism is concerned with capturing light and natural forms. Monet was born on November 14, 1840 and was born in Paris, France. At age 5, Monet moved to Le Havre, a port town in the Normandy region. He grew up there with his older brother, Leon. Monet was was decent student, but he did not like being in a confined classroom. He was more interested in being outside. At a young age, he developedRead MoreImpressionism as a Avant-garde Movement970 Words   |  4 Pages1. INTRODUCTION This essay analyses the aesthetic and ideological underpinnings of the Modernist artwork, Impression, Sunrise of Claude Monet. The artwork and Impressionism is considered to be a visual articulation of the avant-garde and the latter statement is explained. References to the writings of Charles Harrison, Clement Greenberg and Wilhelm Worringer is used to theorise the aesthetics of modernity. â€Æ' 2. IMPRESSIONISM AS MODERN ART Modernism is the heartbeat of culture, or as ClementRead MoreEssay The Renaissance and Art1419 Words   |  6 Pagesworld. Consequently, secular themes became increasingly important to artists, and with the revived interest in antiquity came a new repertoire of subjects drawn from Greek and Roman history and mythology. The models provided by ancient buildings and works of art also inspired the development of new artistic techniques and the desire to re-create the forms and styles of classical art. As these new styles of linear and aerial perspective and pyramid structures came into use by Alberti, paintings wereRead More Monet Essays627 Words   |  3 Pages Monet nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Over the years there have been many respectable artists but one of the most famous of these artists would have to have been French impressionist Claude Oscar Monet. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Monet was born on Nov. 14, 1840 in Paris, France and started showing an appreciation for art at an early age. When he was nineteen Monet decided that he wanted to attend art school and soon after that he entered the studio of Charles Glegre. While he was there he metRead MoreClaude Monet s The Impressionist Era984 Words   |  4 Pages1840, Claude Monet would later become a leading artist in the Impressionist era. At a young age, Monet had a passion for nature and art and in 1859, Monet began to study art in Paris. Here he met many artists such as Bazille, Sisley, and Renoir. Monet practiced painting en plein air or moving from inside the studios to painting outside in the open. Embodying the Impressionist era in 1873, Monet painted Impression, Sunrise†, showing many characteristics that define Impressionism and Monet s paintingRead MoreAutumn on the Seine, Argenteuil by Claude Monet Essay963 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Seine, Argenteuil. This oil on c anvas painting can be found in the High Museum of Art. Claude Monet, the artist of this piece painted this in 1873, right as the Impressionism Movement was beginning. Monet played the important role of one of the founders of the Impressionism Movement with his works like Autumn on the Seine, Argenteuil. Autumn on the Seine, Argenteuil is from a series of paintings that Monet did while in Argenteuil. In the artwork Autumn on the Seine, Argenteuil, the lighting usedRead MoreClaude Monet Essay1193 Words   |  5 Pagescriticizing and appreciating art. Claude Monet’s piece titled Sunrise (Marine) illustrates the daylight in the industrial port of Le Havre of the north coast, France. This piece was made in March or April of 1873. The piece’s present location is the J. Paul Getty Museum, west pavilion, gallery w204. The medium is oil on canvas and is next to another piece made by Monet called The Portal of Rouen Cathedral in the morning light. Claude Monet was part of the i mpressionist movement that changes French paintingsRead More Monet Vs. Degas: Impressionist Aesthetics Essay1037 Words   |  5 Pages these Impressionists originated from backgrounds that seemed worlds apart. Claude Monet, known as the â€Å"Master Impressionist† varied the themes in his artwork more than any other artist did. Monet’s work â€Å"Impression Sunrise†, of which the term â€Å"Impressionist† originates also gives rise to the title â€Å"Master Impressionist†. Edgar Degas started his career as an artist with nothing in common with Monet but the era in which they lived. From themes to brushstrokes and choices of colours, Monet and Degas

Organizational Goals free essay sample

Focus and Goals Wal-mart one of America’s largest retailers celebrated its 50-th anniversary of partnerships, and service to its customers, and local communities during 2012 (Wal-mart Stores Incorporated, 2012). Since, the early 1960’s Wal-marts engaged various strategies that ensured success through seizing the competitive advantage, and dictating corporate philanthropy. Throughout 2013, Wal-mart’s overarching goals consist of increasing domestic sourcing of products and services, increasing veteran employment, developing its current employee base, and increasing its Global responsibility. Therefore, the current focus consists of developing a plan that teaches, motivates, provides, and assists employees in contributing to the company’s success. Training initiatives are vital because employees that possess the proper, knowledge, skills, and attitudes generally support corporate efforts in obtaining the goal. The aforementioned support allows employees to experience personal growth while striving for excellence in the business environment. The training initiatives, for each goal vary according to each goal, and the desired outcome. Therefore, proper employee training, effective use of resources, and each employee’s ability to follow directives while, working in a team environment contributes to organizational success. The aforementioned training requires Wal-mart’s Human Resources department to possess the necessary knowledge, skills, and attitudes to produce effective training methods that teach employees how to assist the company in obtaining its goals. For instance, increasing domestic sourcing inclines the Human Resources Department to research laws within each Country, State, and Local community to ensure legal compliance in each facility while, creating universal standard-of-operation procedures for each goal, and the tasks associated with obtaining that goal. For Instance, increasing the number of employed veterans within 12 months of honorable discharge requires Human Resources to network, and communicates with employees, the community, and local Army officials. Increasing Wal-mart’s global responsibility requires a coordination of laws, resources, and suppliers. For example, one way of reducing Wal-mart’s environmental impact consists of separating trash from plastic, and cardboard, and then coordinating with the proper recycling facility, for pick-up, and removal of the waste from each item at the facility. The success or failure of each endeavor remains evident through local community, and employee support that are gauged through sales. Each training initiative places each corporate goal within reach. One should remember that positive actions yield positive results that are the foundation for success. Wal-Mart’s organizational focus and goals dictate the type, frequency, and intensity of training received by each employee according to how his or her position is affected by the changes. For Instance, part of increasing Wal-marts global responsibility requires each employee to recycle properly within his or her job-code. Bakery employees would remove cakes, cookies, and breads from their wrappers placing the food in buckets, the wrappers in plastic bags, and the cardboard in the bailer. Claims employees ensure waste is sorted properly prior to final disposal while, providing guidance to proper procedures, for preparing each item for disposal. In addition, claims employees record, track, and inform the next level of management when disposed waste requires removal. Office employees typically handle phone calls, paper trail, data entry, and the financial end of payments made, and received. The facility manages remains responsible for ensuring employees possess the proper equipment to complete the job. Buckets, bags, and storage of recyclable waste are part of the facility managers’ responsibilities. Upper-level managements concerns include training, the financial aspects, contracts, Federal, State, and Local laws, and goal progress. Personally, I would begin prioritizing training needs according to the program stage, and according to a project timeline. For Instance, in three to six months, district and regional management is required to possess knowledge, and records, of local laws, and suppliers to executive management, within 18 to 24 months begin to implement the objectives, and provide employees with the required training, and supplies, so each employee assists in obtaining the company’s goals, Naturally, throughout each step of this process financial aspect and the specific goal determines the type of training methods used in each situation. For Instance some training may require a â€Å"hands-on† approach, while, other areas of training may be fulfilled using computer based learning, or conference call. Therefore, in each situation one must consider the company’s overarching goals when prioritizing training efforts. The reasoning for this is that I believe that even the right training at the wrong time can become ineffective. For instance, training provided months prior to project initiation might be forgotten before the employee has the opportunity to use them. Wal-mart acquired success through seizing the competitive advantage, and dictating corporate philanthropy, for 51 years. In 2013, Wal-mart plans to increase domestic sourcing, Veterans employment, develop its employee base, and increase its global responsibility. Acquiring these goals requires employees to possess the right knowledge, skills, and attitudes to obtain success. Each employee’s training should co-inside with the appropriate period and stage of the project, so training knowledge is retained.

Early Life Essays - Richard Nixon, American Quakers,

Early Life Richard Milhous Nixon grew up in Yorba, California the son of Quakers Frank and Hannah Nixon. During Nixon's childhood in Yorba, the family was always on the edge of poverty. The lemon grove was unfruitful, and there was little money for anything beyond food and clothing for the growing family. The Nixons never ate in a restaurant or took even a brief vacation. Nixon's early life was one of boyish stubbornness. He swam in the dangerous Anaheim Canal in spite of repeated warnings from his father, and he insisted upon standing up to ride in the family wagon, although once a fall gave him a serious head injury. He displayed a competitive streak at an early age and would never turn down a challenge or a dare. He also loved to be read to, and after age five he could read on his own. National Geographic was his favorite magazine. Education Nixon graduated form high school in 1930. He possessed extraordinary intelligence and ambition, but his ambitious nature received a serious setback that year. He graduated first in his class and won his high school's Harvard Club award as "best all-around student." The award was a scholarship to Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts. In addition, he seemed likely to win a scholarship to Yale University in New Haven, Connecticut. Nixon had dreamed for years of going to a famous college in the East, but his dreams were shattered when he had to turn down both opportunities. Because his older brother Harold's long battle with tuberculous had drained the family's funds there was no money to pay for the cost of traveling to the East Coast and living there. Nixon swallowed his disappointment and enrolled at nearby Whittier College. Nixon majored in history, and one of his history professors had a profound influence on his career. This was Dr. Paul Smith, whom Nixon called "the greatest intellectual inspiration of my early years." Smith was a Republican who urged his students to think about the importance of leadership in government. He encouraged them to consider entering public office, and he certainly helped turn Nixon's thoughts in that direction. In 1934 Nixon graduated from Whittier College after four years on the honor roll. He applied for a scholarship to a new law school, at Duke University in Durham, North Carolina, and asked several of his professors to write to Duke, recommending him for a scholarship. Thanks to one convincing letter from the president of Whittier College saying that Richard Nixon would become a great American leader someday, Nixon was given a scholarship to Duke Law School. After his third year at Duke, Nixon graduated from Duke Law School in 1937. Nixon was ranked third in his class of 25 students. Immediately after graduating, he passed the California Bar Exam which every lawyer wishing to practice law in California must pass. Positions held before the Presidency After passing the bar exam, he practiced law in Whittier, California, and briefly served with the Office of Price Administration before enlisting in the U.S. Navy during World War II. In 1947, Nixon won a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives in a campaign noted for his accusation that his Democratic opponent was supported by Communists. As a member of the House Committee on Un-American Activities, he gained fame for his part in the Alger Hiss spy case. He went on to the U.S. Senate in 1951, again after suggesting that his Democratic opponent was tainted by Communist associations. Nixon became Eisenhower's vice-president in 1952 and was unusually visible and active in that role. In 1958, he faced down hostile demonstrations in Peru and Venezuela, and in 1959 he had his famous kitchen debate with Khrushchev at an American exhibit in Moscow. After narrowly losing the presidency to Kennedy in 1960, Nixon lost a bid for governor of California in 1962, a loss which appeared to be the end of his political career. Accomplishments of his Presidency Some of Nixon's most acclaimed achievements came in his quest for world stability. During visits in 1972 to Beijing and Moscow, he reduced tensions with China and the U.S.S.R. His summit meetings with Russian leader Leonid I. Brezhnev produced a treaty to limit strategic nuclear weapons. In January 1973, he announced an

The Impost and the Abacus in Architecture

The Impost and the Abacus in Architecture An impost is that part of an arch from which the arc swings upward. If a capital is the top part of a column, an impost is the bottom part of an arch. An impost is NOT a capital but is often on top of a capital that has no entablature. An impost needs an arch. An abacus is a projecting block atop a columns capital that does not hold up an arch. The next time youre in Washington, D.C., look up at the columns of the Lincoln Memorial to see an abacus or two. The Impost Block Builders of what is now known as Byzantine architecture created decorative stone blocks to transition between columns and arches. Columns were smaller than the thick arches, so impost blocks were tapered, the small end fitting on the column capital and the larger end fitting onto the arch. Other names for impost blocks include dosseret, pulvino, supercapital, chaptrel, and sometimes abacus. The Look of Imposts The architectural term impost may date back to Medieval times. The interior of the Byzantine-era Basilica of SantApollinare Nuovo in Ravenna, Italy is often cited to illustrate the use of imposts. Built in the early 6th century (c. 500 AD) by the Ostrogoth King Theodoric the Great, this UNESCO Heritage site is a fine example of both mosaics and arches in Early Christian architecture. Note the impost blocks above the capitals of the columns. The arches spring upward from those blocks, which are traditionally highly decorated. Todays American homes reminiscent of Mediterranean or Spanish architecture will exhibit architectural features of the past. As was typical of imposts hundreds of years ago, the imposts often are painted a decorative color that contrasts with the color of the house itself. Taken together, these images show the transition of the column (3) to the arch (1) by way of the impost (2). Origin of the Word Impost has several meanings, many of which may be more familiar than the architectural definition. In horse racing, impost is the weight assigned to a horse in a handicap race. In the world of taxation, an impost is a duty imposed on imported goods   -    the word is even in the U.S. Constitution as a power given to Congress (see Article I, Section 8). In all of these senses, the word comes from a Latin word  impositus meaning to impose a burden onto something. In architecture, the burden is on a part of the arch that holds it up, denying gravitys attempt to bring the weight of the arch to earth. Additional Definitions of Impost The springing point or block of an arch. - G. E. Kidder Smith A masonry unit or course, often distinctively profiled, which receives and distributes the thrust of each end of an arch. - Dictionary of Architecture and Construction, The Impost and Arch in Architectural History Nobody knows where arches began. They arent really needed, because the Primitive Hut post and lintel construction works just fine. But theres something beautiful about an arch. Perhaps its mans imitation of creating a horizon, creating a sun and a moon. Professor Talbot Hamlin, FAIA, writes that brick arches date back to 4th millennium BC (4000 to 3000 BC) in the region known today as the Middle East. The ancient land called Mesopotamia was partially enveloped by the Eastern Roman Empire during the long period we sometimes call the Byzantine civilization of the Middle Ages. It was a time when traditional building techniques and designs already developed in the Middle East combined with the Classical (Greek and Roman) ideas of the West. Byzantine architects experimented with creating higher and higher domes using pendentives, and they also invented impost blocks to build arches grand enough for the great cathedrals of Early Christian architecture. Ravenna, south of Venice on the Adriatic Sea, was the center of Byzantine architecture in 6th century Italy.   Later still, it came gradually to replace the capital, and instead of being square at the bottom was made circular, so that the new capital had a continuously changing surface, from the circular bottom on top of the shaft up to a square of much larger size above, which supported the arches directly. This shape could then be carved with surface ornament of leaves or interlacing of any desired intricacy; and, to give this carving greater brilliance, often the stone beneath the surface was deeply cut away, so that sometimes the entire outside face of the capital was quite separate from the solid block behind, and the result had a sparkle and a vividness which was extraordinary. - Talbot Hamlin In our own homes today we continue the tradition begun thousands of years ago. We often decorate the impost area of an arch if and when it protrudes or is pronounced. The impost and impost block, like many architectural details found on todays homes, are less functional and more ornamental, reminding homeowners of past architectural beauty. Sources G. E. Kidder Smith, Source Book of American Architecture, Princeton Architectural Press, 1996, p. 645Dictionary of Architecture and Construction, Cyril M. Harris, ed., McGraw-Hill, 1975, p. 261Talbot Hamlin, Architecture through the Ages, Putnam, Revised 1953, pp. 13-14, 230-231Photo of Lincoln Memorial by Hisham Ibrahim/Getty Images (cropped); Photo of Spanish-style home by David Kozlowski/Moment Mobile Collection/Getty Images (cropped); Photo of colonnade and arches inside the Basilica of SantApollinare Nuovo by CM Dixon Print Collector/Getty Images (cropped); Illustration of an impost by Pearson Scott Foresman [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons

Read a source and write Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Read a source and write - Essay Example Yoga is originally from Hindu, India from early 5000-1000 B.C. The word of yoga, from the Sanskrit yui, has been interpreted as meaning to yoke or join with the divine. The early description of yoga describes it as a set of mental and physical exercises. There are appears to be a strong structural link between early forms of yoga and meditation as a means of achieving unity with a sort of transcendental consciousness. Still, some interpreters claim that yoga is a universal practice, and emphasize that yoga pre-dates Hinduism. Indeed, yoga has become important in many emerging and multifaceted religious traditions (75). Yoga arrived in America in 1805, and it developed fast. Yoga won over the American audience, and quickly became widely popular. With the advancing popularity of yoga in the United States it was not long before hybrid forms of the practice emerged. In a religious context one of the most significant hybrid forms of yoga was Christianity Yoga. Brooke Boon created Christi anity Yoga after attending traditional yoga classes and feeling alienated by what she believed was the subtle Hindu dialectic. For instance, Boon rejected phrases such as ‘achieving oneness with the universe’. Believing that such perspectives were antithetical to Christian doctrine, Boon innovated a form of yoga solely reliant on Christian themes and terminology. Indeed, Boon’s Yoga classes look a lot like traditional Yoga-using many of the same poses, breath control, and meditation practices-but replacing the more obvious Hindu references with Christian language and music, Bible meditation, and frequent references to Jesus (74). That is the difference between the traditional yoga and Christianity Yoga. Many people in the United States are Christian, so people use Christian Yoga as a religious practice. Christianity Yoga is more focused on knowledge than the real physical practice. Ultimately, it seems that the crucial differentiation between

The support of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises Case Study

The support of Small and Medium-sized Enterprises - Case Study Example Furthermore, Marjolein and Henny (2005) indicated that SMEs Support in most countries has been motivated by the belief that this support generates much employment, encourages people, and is widely provide good opportunities to develop new business, and to enhance its competitiveness within effectiveness performance. In the same manner as varied definitions have been given to small and medium enterprises throughout the entire globe, the researcher has also discovered the different ways by which governments support them. According to Sissenich (2007), the extent of the support given to SMEs in different countries have been a very popular area for research as this has been considered to be of paramount importance to the success of the SMEs which could in turn, bring about positive benefits for the economic growth and development of these countries. For instance, the Chinese Central Bank has adopted several measures by which they could help in lessening the difficulties being experienced by the Small and Medium Enterprises in the country. In general, the said support is firmly anchored on four specific policies that are friendly and of paramount importance to the Small and Medium Enterprises. ... he other hand, shows that governments in Africa does not provide any support for the Small and Medium Enterprises for the country thereby contributing to the failure of such in their country. According to the said author, the absence of the said support has been relatively detrimental to the country's economic growth and development. The report entitled Saudis give priority for developing SME sector (2005) showed that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has been giving paramount importance to the SME sector since 2005. According to the said report, the country has placed top priority on the said development as a result of their accession to the World Trade Organization. For the authorities in the country, much effort must be given to the reinvigoration and strengthening of the base of the Small and Medium Enterprises as they are the backbone of their economy thus illustrating their importance for the economic growth and development of the kingdom (Saudis give priority for developing SME Sector, 2005). However, there are some aspects of efforts and decisions have been made by the government and private sectors in Saudi Arabia to encourage citizens to establish small to medium- sized businesses. One of these significant decision and extension of support for SMEs in the mentioned state has recently been announced by Human Resources Development Fund (2009) that the (HRDF) decided to provide the applicants, who have already passed the phases of establishing small or medium business and have already received the loan, SR three thousand per month during the first tow years, in order to supply the essential requirements during establishment stage away from the prejudice to the capital. Also the same report listed several organizations that support SMEs, such as Technical and

Products, Services and prices in the Free

Products, Services and prices in the Free Market Essay Price elasticity of demand is a term commonly used in economic and business studies to mean an elasticity that measures the degree of the relationship between variation in quantity demanded of a good and variation in its price. In most cases normal goods and most inferior goods price drops results into increase in the quantity demanded. But goods for which there is no substitute are generally inelastic. This type of demand is relatively associated with necessities. However, products with a high elasticity in most cases have many substitutes. (Karl 1999)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the case of Southern Airline, there are various airlines that operate through the same part of America. Thus there are a number of substitutes in the area which means that the demand is elastic. If for example the company charge too much on its tickets, people are likely to move to the other forms of air travel in Texas. (Karl 1999) Demand for giffen goods or Veblen goods are considered to increase with increase in price. First class air travel happened to rank in the classification of giffen goods (goods whose demand increase with increase in price) so I would advice you to increases the price of the first class tickets but not for the ordinary class passages. (Henderson 2004)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   On the other hand, there is a case of price inflation, during an economic bubble, consumer perception have a crucial role in explaining products’ demand in some categories. If for example you   increase your prices, customers may come on the perception that you are charging higher because you are offering higher quality services. This in return will have a positive impact on the company’s revenue. (Karl 1999)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Price elasticity demand is affected by a number of factors but all of them are under one umbrella the ‘choice’.   By choice we mean the power of choice the consumers of a certain good holds to give up the consumption of the said good. All this is due to consumer’s ‘perceived value’ like first class those customers value their prestige and will not do without it. So I would advice you to increase the 1st class ticket prices. Also, on the other classes based on the principle of price inflation during an economic bubble you can increase the price believing that people will perceive that there is quality improvement and respond positively thereby increasing the overall revenue. (Sowell 2004) Air travel is a basic necessity to some long distance travelers in America. This means that if price is increased they will probably not change their mode of transport. Thus change in price is not likely to affect much the change in demand since the elasticity of the product is not too elastic.   I would advice you to increase the price since you offer good quality service, Air travel to some people is habitual and they will still come, most of the people   who use air travel have good income and thus they will not be affected or strain financially and thus realize some decreased revenue. (Karl 1999)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Income Elasticity of demand evaluates the responsiveness of quantity demanded of good to the variation in the income of people demanding this good. It is the ratio of the percentage change in quantity demanded to the percent change in income. (Henderson 2004)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In this case, the third class travelers who are the majority have a negative income elasticity of demand. This means that an increase in income will lead to a decrease in the quantity demanded for some specific less luxurious class. Therefore if customer’s income is increased by 10%, they will tend to move to the higher prestigious classes. Also, more people who would like to travel by air and find it economically straining if their income is raised, they would travel by air that means that increase in consumer income by 10% may result to increase in the demand by same proportion. A zero income elasticity of demand would occur in the prestigious class travel. This means that increase in their income will not have an effect on their demand. (Karl 1999) AN OVERVIEW OF SOUTHWEST AIRLINES Southwest Airlines was originally started to serve three cities in Texas as Air Southwest back in 1967 by Rolling King and Herb Kelleher. These routes were Dallas, Houston, and San Antonio. It is the largest airline that operates within California, with 694 flights total in the state, 370 of which are intra-California. Currently, Southwest operates in 64 cities in 32 states, with more than 3,300 flights a day. It has notably large operations in certain airports. These airports operate non-stop flights to more than half of the Southwest system. It also uses other secondary airports which have lower costs which may or may not be, more convenient to travelers than the major airports to the same destinations such as Midway Airport in Chicago and Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood International Airport. The company offers both the local and international airline services. An average of three quarters of Southwest passengers is local passengers, meaning only a quarter of all passengers are connecting passengers. This is relatively higher than most airlines, where travelers often connect in hub cities. Southwest Airlines has also set a goal to code share with ATA and begin international codeshare services or ticket for international flights in 2009. Destinations that may be served by this include Canada, the Caribbean, and Mexico Southwest Airlines also makes exceptions to the philosophy of serving those secondary airports by flying into some larger airports in major cities, such as Phoenix Sky Harbor International Airport. Success and profitability of this company led to a common trend named after the company as The Southwest Effect. The price in the company may drop when a low fare carrier or any aggressive and innovative company comes into market. They believe that a drop in price not only doubles the customers but may quadruple them. Southwest has a program to hedge fuel prices. It purchases fuel options years in advance so to smooth out fuel costs variations. This helps the company to take market conditions advantage for example in 2000. It also hopes to take advantage of historically low prices of jet. According to its 2006 Annual Report, fuel prices have been fluctuating over the past years: 2004 82.8 cents/gallon 2005 103.3 cents/gallon 2006 153.0 cents/gallon  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   www.southwest.com/about us In conclusion, it can be said that price can be increased in the case of the Southwest Airline under conventional economic assumptions of consumer rationality: that people will look for the quality not the pricing. Also, company has a relatively inelastic demand and the prices will not affect the customers. So it is advisable to raise the price also because the ‘good’ in this case is giffen good. Reference Karl E. Ray C. (1999). Principles of Economics (5th ed.). Prentice-Hall Publishers Henderson, H (2004), Supply and Demand. Kessinger Publishers Sowell T (2004). Basic Economics: A Citizens Guide to the Economy Basic Book Publishers Smith A (1982), The Wealth of Nations. Penguine Classics www.southwest.com/about us

Rhetorical Analysis of Martin Luther Kings I Have A Dream Speech

Martin Luther King Jr.’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech was made to thousands of people at the Washington Monument while facing the Lincoln Memorial on August 28, 1963. Dr. King called upon Americas to consider all people, both black and white, to be united, undivided and free. His rhetoric harkened back a hundred years past when the Emancipation Proclamation was enacted during Abraham Lincoln’s term as president which abolished slavery and allowed all people living in America to be equal and have equal rights. Unfortunately, in 1963, America had lost sight of this key Constitutional component instilled in the lives of many. For many years, African Americans suffered from persecution and segregation in a class-oriented society. Martin Luther King, a preacher, born in Atlanta, Georgia, tore down racial barriers that blocked effective communication in a society that ultimately led to mistreatment of high-ranking citizens. His speech brought inspiration and hope to not only African Americans, but white communities as well. His precise diction and passionate words reflected a humble and principled demeanor, which led him to deliver a message to the American people, considered as one of the greatest events in history (â€Å"Dream,† n.d.). An ordinary man, Martin Luther King Jr had an extraordinary message in his speech â€Å"I Have A Dream† that called for human equality and changed social justice, that impacted Americans for many generations to come by using Aristotle’s literary devices of ethos, pathos, and logos, historical and literary references, metaphors, and poetic devices. First, Martin Luther King Jr.’s speech, â€Å"I Have a Dream† accomplished what the founding fathers in American history could not: a call for all people to receive ... ...cted his message. Since then, segregation in all public places that includes America’s schools and government institutions has been abolished. African Americans commonly receive scholarships and equal opportunity for employment. America also elected the first black president of the United States, Barrack Obama. King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† speech fulfilled his vision of human equality. His focus on the ordinary man to achieve extraordinary things is much like the stamp of his own character as a gift to the masses he would never personally know. References King, M.L. Jr. (1963, August 28). I have a dream—address at March on Washington. Martin Luther King Speeches. Retrieved from http://www.mlkonline.net/dream.html Martin Luther King Online (Producer) I have a dream speech video. Retrieved from http://www.mlkonline.net/video-i-have-a-dream-speech.html

Sen No Rikyu Sen

Sen No Rikyu The most influential Japanese tea master in Japan’s history is considered to be Sen No Rikyu. He made the tea ceremony Chanoyu (Way of tea) into an art form. Sen no Rikyu was born in 1522 to the name of Yoshiro in the merchant city of Sakai. Rikyu was born to a prominent family, his father, Yohei, was a city council member (The Japanese Way, 1998) as well as an accomplished merchant. (Above) Sen No Rikyu Developing of Wabi-Cha Wabi-Cha is a Japanese discipline of drinking tea. As stated in the article â€Å"Two for Tea†: The â€Å"Wabi† refers to the beauty that is found in simple things and Cha means tea. Japan Journal) At a young age Sen No Rikyu began to study tea ceremony under Kitamuki Dochi. During his time with kitamuki Dochi, he studied the elegant tea traditions of Higashiyama, which resembles that of a traditional Chinese tea ceremony and is best suited for a shoin room. (Fujimori, 2007) See link for a brief description of a Shoin Room: htt p://www. metmuseum. org/toah/works-of-art/shoin_room At the age of 19 Sen No Rikyu began to study under Takeno Jo-o, where he learned the contemporary style of tea ceremony.This type of tea ceremony was best suited for a smaller room, known as thatched tea house. In the Daitoku-ji temple, located northwest of Kyoto, Rikyu underwent Zen training as a Zen-Buddhist. After his training he changed his name to Sen Soueki (Japanese). By combining these two different methods of tea ceremonies, he was able to create a new foundation for tea ceremonies as declared in the article â€Å"Rikyu and the Fruition of the way of tea†: As this indicates, Rikyu first studied with Kitamuki Dochin, who practiced the Higashiyama style of tea that had come down from Noami.Thereafter, he studied with Joo in the Juko tradition, and by conjoining these two strands, he was able to construct a new basis for the success of Chanoyu. (The Japanese Way, 1998) (Above) Daitoku-Ji temple Daitoku-ji temple Video : http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=XlurloSuiC0 Sen no Rikyu continue to perfect his tea ceremonial style of Wabi and by 1580 he had fashioned what we know today as Wabi-Cha. As acknowledged in â€Å"Three Chanoyou and Momoyama: Conflict and transformation in Rikyu art†: A number of tea gatherings were recorded which suggest further development of his inclination toward Wabi sensitivities.In the summer of 1577 he held a gathering to open his tea room, probably in Sakai, and invited Matsue Ryusen, Tennojiya Doshitsu, and Tsuda Sogyu; apart from the Koshima bowl, all his tea articles were common and plain, and the meal (kaiseki) was quite simple. The next year he again held a simple gathering in his small room (kozashiki). He continued also to host tea gatherings at which he used the daisu stand, but by 1580 it is clear that he had developed a strong Wabi style. (Tea in Japan, 1998) Thatched tea house Entrance of a Thatched tea houseTea ceremony For a full description a of That ched tea house build by Sen no Rikyu see the first three minutes of this YouTube video: http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=WboHExBcKSg Success as tea master From a young age Sen No Rikyu was a talented tea ceremony host, this is known through the evidence of people writing about his tea ceremonial talent. As stated in the article: â€Å"Tea and council: The political role of Sen Rikyu†: A rich Nara merchant recorded in his diary that he had attended a tea ceremony hosted by the fifteen-year-old Rikyu.This shows that the boy must have been sufficiently accomplished to serve tea to such an important man and that already at this age he had successfully entered the exclusive circle of the powerful commercial elite. (Bordat, 1977) There isn’t a great deal of information about Rikyu middle years. What it’s know is that he continue to developed his tea ceremony methods and became popular among other tea masters of Sakai.As stated in the article â€Å"Three Chanoyu and Momoyama: Conflict and Transformation in Rikyu’s Art†: When Rikyu invited his teacher Joo to a gathering in 1544, just seven months before Joo's death, he used a Korean tea bowl, a kettle with a pattern of clouds and dragons, a Hotei incense container, a Kinrinji tea caddy, and a water jug of Shigaraki earthenware, and displayed a painting by Mu Ch'i with his own inscription in the alcove. These were all suitably valuable articles to show that Rikyu was in the first rank of Sakai tea men.A decade later Rikyu hosted a gathering with Imai Sokyu as the only guest, and Sokyu's account shows that Rikyu continued to collect and use famous and valuable articles; he placed a Semehimo kettle in the hearth, narcissus flowers in the highly-prized Tsuru no Hitokoe flower vase, and used a Shigaraki water jug, a Korean tea bowl, and the celebrated Narashiba Katatsuki tea caddy which had been beloved by Torii Insetsu and was afterward passed to Shimai Soshitsu of Hakata and, finally, to Hideyoshi (I should discuss about him later on).The available records thus make clear that Rikyu from an early age shared with the other Sakai tea men a liking for the collection and display of valuable articles, and he developed his aesthetic sense in accordance with his training in the Higashiyama tradition. (Ludwig, 1989) Below are two of Sen No Rikyu best saying: Though many people drink tea, if you do not know the Way of Tea, tea will drink you up. and The Way of Tea is naught but this: first you boil water, then you make the tea and drink it. Sen No Rikyu and his political rise.Even though Sen No Rikyu was a well known tea master, he never serve tea to the most powerful Daimyo of the region Oda Nobunaga, as stated in the article â€Å"Three Chanyu and Momoyama: Conflict and Transformation Rikyu’s Art†: Rikyu never attained such importance with Nobunaga, perhaps because his merchant family was not as powerful in Sakai. Approximately in 1570 Sen no Rikyu was int roduced to Oda Nobunaga, during this period Nobunaga was attempting the unification of Japan. Nobunaga who popularized Sen no Rikyu tea ceremony used it originally as a way to talk politics and business. Oda Nobunaga Biography) Rikyu along with Imai Sokyu, and Tsuda Sogyu, were placed in charge of tea ceremonies for Nobunaga. By 1575 Rikyu was acting tea master for Nobunaga as stated in the article â€Å"Three Chanoyou and Momoyama: Conflict and transformation in Rikyu art†: At a victory celebration after in 1575, Nobunaga turned to chanoyu and hosted a deluxe gathering at Myokoji Temple, inviting seventeen tea men from Kyoto and Sakai to display and use his many treasured tea articles.Rikyu's role in this sumptuous ceremony is indicated in Shincho Koki by the phrase â€Å"sado wa Soeki,† showing that Rikyu acted as tea master for Nobunaga. (Ludwig, 1989). (Above) Oda Nobunaga Rikyu continue to gain prestige above the other two tea master, mostly due to Nobunagaâ€℠¢s preference for Rikyu as he had become his secretary and highly trusted middleman. (Bodart, 1977) During this same period Rikyu was an established merchant that supported Nobunaga’s campaign as stated in the essay â€Å"Tea in Japan†: In a letter from Nobunaga address to Rikyu there is this note of thanks for a thousand musket balls.As Nobunaga continue to gain land he wanted to transform Chanoyu into his own possession (Kamakura, 1989), causing it to become a national practice, as it was way of showing Nobunaga’s supremacy. In 1582 Oda Nobunaga was assassinated, after a power struggle Toyotomi Hideyoshi claim most of Nobunaga’s clan and land. During this period Rikyu ingenuity ascended to new heights as well as his political power.In 1585 for the first time tea was formally presented to the Emperor, Emperor Ogimachi, at the Imperial Palace. As Rikyu didn’t posses rank or status he could not attend the ceremony, this issue was solve and is best d escribe in the essay â€Å"Sen No Rikyu: Inquiries into his life†: In order to be admitted into the palace either to have such as high rank and office, or alternatively, to assume the status of a priest who transcendent lay distinctions.Thus Rikyu took the priestly designation of Koji (Buddhist Layman) It is also believe that at this time Rikyu rose from one of many tea master to become Tenka Gosado â€Å"the tea master of Japan. (Bodart, 1977) (Above) Toyotomi Hideyoshi During Hideyoshi reign Rikyu political power increase so much so that he played a central role as stated in the article â€Å"Three Chanyu and Momoyama: Conflict and Transformation Rikyu’s Art†:With Hideyoshi in control, the political use of the leading tea masters continued, and Rikyu played a central role.This can be seen from his letters of 1584 and 1585, which show he was well informed of Hideyoshi's plans in the campaign against Oda Nobukatsu's and Tokugawa Ieyasu's forces and the Etchu ca mpaign against the Sassa, took a deep interest in these military affairs, and was even given responsibility in the custody of Osaka. (Ludwig, 1989) (Above) Osaka Castle Sen No Rikyu Death Rikyu became more than a tea master to Hideyoshi, he was often an advisor on other matters. Hideytoshi allow Rikyu to maintain his independence, but disagreements cause their relationship to fail.It is believe that when Rykyu refused Hideyoshi’s request to take Rikyu’s daughter as a concubine, the relationship broke and never recovered. (Zen)In 1591 Hideyoshi eventually order Rikyu to commit Seppuku (Ritual suicide) the true reasons are not know but according to the Article â€Å"Zen stories of Samurai†: Tradition holds that Hideyoshi was infuriated when he entered the gate of Daitoku-ji temple (whose construction he had funded) and saw that he was walking under a statue of Rikyu   Just before his death, Rikyu called together his family and disciples.He then composed his deat h poem. I raise the sword. This sword of mine; Long in my possession. The time is come at last. Skyward I throw it up! Sen No Rikyu Legacy Sen No Rikyu legacy can still be seen today in Japanese tea ceremonies. As he perfected the â€Å"Way of Tea† this cause all of the earlier styles of tea ceremonies to vanished with Rikyu death. Today all modern styles of tea ceremonies can be traced directly or indirectly to Rikyu. After his death Rikyu family scattered and when into hiding as stated in the article â€Å"A rief History of Chanoyu†: Though the family had been scattered and were in hiding in the residences of various generals , his son Shoan and grandson Sotan, succeeded in reestablishing the family name and reassembling their possessions. They began their task by rebuilding the Zangetsutei and Fushinan tea houses at Ogawa Teranouchi in Kyoto. Today three Sen families exists, this families continue the tradition of holding a memorial service every month at the mutual family temple. (A Brief) (Above) Sen No Rikyu Grave A timeline of the Chonoyu can be view at this link: ttp://www. tea-passage. com/timeline. html Reference A Brief history of chanoyu. (n. d. ). Retrieved from  http://cla. calpoly. edu/~bmori/syll/Hum310japan/Tea%20History. html Bodart, B. M. (1977). Tea and counsel. the political role of sen rikyu. Monumenta Nipponica,  32(1), FUJIMORI, T. (2007, August). Two for tea. Retrieved from http://www. japanjournal. jp/tjje/show_art. php? INDyear=07;INDmon=08;artid=f163e1f847cf981422ef0f1ccc Kumakura, Isao. (1989). Sen no rikyu: inquiries into his life and tea. Tea in Japan: Essays on the History of Chanoyu, 33.Ludwig, T. M. (1989). Tea in japan: essays on the history of chanoyu.. Honolulu HI: University of Hawaii Press. Oda nobunaga biography. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://www. biographybase. com/biography/Oda_Nobunaga. html The Japanese way of tea: from its origins in china to sen rikyu. (1998). Honolulu HI: University of Hawaii P ress. Tea in Japan: essays on the history of chanoyu. (1998). Honolulu HI: University of Hawaii Press. Zen stories of the samurai  . (n. d. ). Retrieved from  http://www. zenstoriesofthesamurai. com/Characters/Sen%20no%20Rikyu. htm

Marriage In Chaucers The Canterbury Tales - 1709 Words

In Geoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury Tales, a group of traveling pilgrims on their way from London to Canterbury pass the time by telling each other stories and tales. A handful of the tales are on the topic of marriage, most notably The Miller’s Tale, The Wife of Bath’s Tale and The Merchant’s Tale. The Miller talks about his wife and marriage poorly in his prologue and his tale is just as cynical. The Wife of Bath reveals in her prologue that she has had five husbands, something that was frowned upon then just as it still is in today’s society. In her tale, the story sees the main character change his view on his own marriage from a negative thing to something he cherishes. Finally, The Merchant’s prologue reveals that he, too, has a†¦show more content†¦However, The Miller says that there was quite an age difference between John and Alisoun, his wife, and that John â€Å"heeld hire narwe in cage†, meaning that he held her i n confinement (Chaucer 267). Husbands having this type of control over their wives was not unique to this time period seeing as it was the norm for many years to come. One part of the story describes what Alisoun is wearing and how she looks. This section goes on for lines and lines and implies that women are only good for their appearance. He also says that Alisoun is â€Å"gent and smal†, which can be translated to slender and delicate while also revealing that she is merely eighteen years old (Chaucer 267). As the story goes on, Nicholas is introduced. He professes his love for her and begs her to return the emotion. She declines and he reacts negatively, to which Alisoun immediately changes her mind and returns his love. She says that they can be together if they wait patiently and are secretive (Chaucer 268). Planning to cheat on one’s husband is not something that would be viewed positively in that time and this shows that Alisoun, in a way, did not conform to th e way that women were expected to act in marriages at the time. Even though cheating has never been held to a high standard during any time period, having a female character want to act unfaithfully to her husband can be seen as a good thing in terms of female empowerment in The Miller’s Tale. Before Chaucer begins The Wife ofShow MoreRelatedAttitudes Toward Marriage in Chaucers the Canterbury Tales1477 Words   |  6 PagesAttitudes Toward Marriage in Chaucers The Canterbury Tales Chaucers The Canterbury Tales demonstrate many different attitudes toward and perceptions of marriage. Some of these ideas are very traditional, such as that discussed in the Franklins Tale, and others are more liberal such as the marriages portrayed in the Millers and the Wife of Baths Tales. While several of these tales are rather comical, they do indeed give us a representation of the attitudes toward marriage at that time inRead More Chaucers Canterbury Tales Essay - Marriage in The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale672 Words   |  3 PagesMarriage in Geoffrey Chaucers The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale The disparity in the outcomes of the hags marriage and Alisons marriages in Geoffrey Chaucers The Wife of Baths Prologue and Tale depends in part on the womens differing expectations of their husbands. The hags modus agendi depends on a knights obligation to honour his pledge, whereas Alisons modus operandi depends on her husbands conduct after marriage, i.e. on her circumstances. 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